Research publications
This overview (last updated on October 11, 2009) includes research conducted in the Sleep and Performance Research Center at Washington State University Spokane, as well as earlier work completed in the Division of Neuropsychiatry and the Division of Neuroscience at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (Dr. Belenky); the Division of Sleep and Chronobiology in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania and the Department of Physiology and Physiological Physics at Leiden University (Dr. Van Dongen); and the laboratories of several of our collaborators. When requesting or downloading our publications, please adhere to applicable copyright laws.
- Sleep deprivation and cognitive performance
- Fatigue and performance modeling
- Individual differences in sleep loss effects
- Sleep physiology
- Circadian rhythms
- Stimulants and hypnotics
- Combat stress research
- Miscellaneous
Sleep deprivation and cognitive performance
Balkin TJ, Bliese PD, Belenky G, Sing H, Thorne DR,
Thomas M, Redmond DP, Russo M, Wesensten NJ (2004).
Comparative utility of instruments for monitoring
sleepiness-related performance decrements in the operational
environment. Journal of Sleep Research 13: 219-227. (Download PDF)
Belenky G, Wesensten NJ, Thorne DR, Thomas ML, Sing HC,
Redmond DP, Russo MB, Balkin TJ (2003). Patterns of
performance degradation and restoration during sleep restriction
and subsequent recovery: a sleep dose-response study. Journal of
Sleep Research 12: 1-12. (Download PDF)
Doran SM, Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF (2001).
Sustained attention performance during sleep deprivation: Evidence
of state instability. Archives of Italian Biology 139: 253-267.
(Request PDF)
McCann UD, Penetar DM, Shaham Y, Thorne DR, Gillin JC, Sing
HC, Thomas M, Belenky G (1992). Sleep deprivation and
impaired cognition: The role of catecholamines. Biological
Psychiatry 31: 1082-1097.
(Request PDF)
McCann UD, Penetar DM, Shaham Y, Thorne DR, Sing HC, Thomas
ML, Gillin JC, Belenky G (1993). Effects of catecholamine
depletion on alertness and mood in rested and sleep deprived normal
volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacolgy 8: 345-356.
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Mollicone DJ, Van Dongen HPA, Rogers NL, Dinges DF
(2008). Response surface mapping of neurobehavioral
performance: Testing the feasibility of split sleep schedules for
space operations. Acta Astronautica 63: 833-840.
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Oonk M, Tucker AM, Belenky G, Van Dongen HPA
(2008). Excessive sleepiness: determinants, outcomes, and
context. International Journal of Sleep and Wakefulness 1: 141-147.
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Rowland LM, Thomas ML, Thorne DR, Sing HC, Krichmar JL,
Davis HQ, Balwinski SM, Peters RD, Kloeppel-Wagner E, Redmond DP,
Alicandri E, Belenky G (2005). Oculomotor responses during
partial and total sleep deprivation. Aviation, Space, and
Environmental Medicine 76: C104-C113.
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Thomas ML, Sing HC, Belenky G, Holcomb HH, Mayberg HS,
Dannals RF, Wagner Jr HN, Thorne DR, Popp KA, Rowland LM, Welsh AB,
Balwinski SM, Redmond DP (2000). Neural basis of alertness
and cognitive performance impairments during sleepiness. I. Effects
of 24 h of sleep deprivation on waking human regional brain
activity. Journal of Sleep Research 9: 335-352. (Download PDF)
Thomas ML, Sing HC, Belenky G, Holcomb HH, Mayberg HS,
Dannals RF, Wagner HN, Thorne DR, Popp KA, Rowland LM, Welsh AB,
Balwinksi SM, Redmond DP (2003). Neural basis of alertness
and cognitive performance impairments during sleepiness. II.
Effects of 48 and 72 h of sleep deprivation on waking human
regional brain activity. Thalamus & Related Systems 2: 199-229.
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Thorne DR, Johnson DE, Redmond DP, Sing HC, Belenky G,
Shapiro JM (2005). The Walter Reed palm-held psychomotor
vigilance test. Behavior Research Methods 37: 111-118. (Download PDF)
Tucker AM, Whitney P, Belenky G, Hinson JM, Van Dongen HPA (2010). Effects of sleep deprivation on dissociated components of executive functioning. Sleep 33: 47-57. (Request PDF)
Van Dongen HPA, Belenky G (2008). Alertness
level. In Binder MD, Hirokawa N, Windhorst U (Eds.), Encyclopedia
of Neuroscience. Springer, Berlin: 75-77.
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Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF (2003). Sleep debt and
cumulative excess wakefulness. Sleep 26: 249. (Download PDF)
Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF (2005). Sleep, circadian
rhythms, and psychomotor vigilance performance. Clinics in Sports
Medicine 24: 237-249.
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Van Dongen HPA, Maislin G, Mullington JM, Dinges DF
(2003). The cumulative cost of additional wakefulness:
Dose-response effects on neurobehavioral functions and sleep
physiology from chronic sleep restriction and total sleep
deprivation. Sleep 26: 117-126. (Download PDF)
Van Dongen HPA, Rogers NL, Dinges DF (2003). Sleep
debt: Theoretical and empirical issues. Sleep and Biological Rhythm
1: 5-13.
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Fatigue and performance modeling
Avinash D, Crudele CP, Amin DD, Robinson BM, Dinges DF,
Van Dongen HPA (2005). Parameter estimation for a
biomathematical model of psychomotor vigilance performance under
laboratory conditions of chronic sleep restriction. Sleep-Wake
Research in The Netherlands 16: 39-42. (Download PDF)
Balkin TJ, Kamimori GH, Redmond DP, Vigneulle RM, Thorne
DR, Belenky G, Wesensten NJ (2004). On the importance of
countermeasures in sleep and performance models. Aviation, Space,
and Environmental Medicine 75: A155-A157.
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Belenky G, Balkin TJ, Redmond DP, Sing HC, Thomas ML,
Thorne DR, Wesensten NJ (1998). Sustaining performance
during continuous operations: The U.S. Army's sleep management
system. In Hartley L (Ed.), Managing Fatigue in Transportation.
Pergamon, Oxford: 77-85.
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Gross JB, Gunzelmann G, Gluck KA, Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF
(2006). Computational modeling of the combined effects of
circadian rhythm and sleep deprivation. In Sun R, Miyake N (Eds.),
Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive
Science Society. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah: 297-302.
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Gunzelmann G, Gluck KA, Kershner J, Van Dongen HPA, Dinges
DF (2007). Understanding decrements in knowledge access
resulting from increased fatigue. In McNamara DS, Trafton JG
(Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Annual Meeting of the
Cognitive Science Society. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah:
329-334.
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Gunzelmann G, Gluck KA, Price S, Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF
(2007). Decreased arousal as a result of sleep
deprivation: The unraveling of cognitive control. In Gray WD (Ed.),
Integrated Models of Cognitive Systems. Oxford University Press,
New York: 243-253.
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Gunzelmann GK, Gluck KA, Van Dongen HPA, O'Connor RM,
Dinges DF (2005). A neurobehaviorally inspired ACT-R model
of sleep deprivation: Decreased performance in psychomotor
vigilance. In Bara BG, Barsalou L, Bucciarelli M (Eds.),
Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the Cognitive
Science Society. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah: 857-862.
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Gunzelmann G, Moore Jr LR, Gluck KA, Van Dongen HPA, Dinges
DF (2009). Examining sources of individual variation in
sustained attention. In Taatgen N, Van Rijn H (Eds.), Proceedings
of the Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science
Society. Cognitive Science Society, Austin: 608-613.
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Gunzelmann G, Moore Jr LR, Gluck KA, Van Dongen HPA, Dinges
DF (2008). Individual differences in sustained vigilant
attention: Insights from computational cognitive modeling. In Love
BC, McRae K, Sloutsky VM (Eds.), Proceedings of the Thirtieth
Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science
Society, Austin: 2017-2022.
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Hursh SR, Redmond DP, Johnson ML, Thorne DR, Belenky G,
Balkin TJ, Miller JC, Eddy DR (2004). Fatigue models for
applied research in warfighting. Aviation, Space, and Environmental
Medicine 75: A44-A53.
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Johnson ML, Belenky G, Redmond DP, Thorne DR, Williams JD,
Hursh SR, Balkin TJ (2004). Modulating the homeostatic
process to predict performance during chronic sleep restriction.
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 75: A141-A146.
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Kronauer RE, Gunzelmann G, Van Dongen HPA, Doyle III FJ,
Klerman EB (2007). Uncovering physiologic mechanisms of
circadian rhythms and sleep/wake regulation through mathematical
modeling. Journal of Biological Rhythms 22: 233-245.
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McCauley P, Kalachev LV, Smith AD, Belenky G, Dinges DF,
Van Dongen HPA (2009). A new mathematical model for the
homeostatic effects of sleep loss on neurobehavioral performance.
Journal of Theoretical Biology 256: 227-239.
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McCauley P, McCauley ME, Van Dongen HPA (2009).
Mathematical model of sleep loss. Sleep Research Society Bulletin
15: 17-18. (Download
PDF)
Olofsen E, Dinges DF, Van Dongen HPA (2004).
Nonlinear mixed-effects modeling: Individualization and prediction.
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 75: A134-A140.
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Ratcliff R, Van Dongen HPA (2009). Sleep
deprivation affects multiple distinct cognitive processes.
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 16: 742-751.
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Smith AD, Genz A, Freiberger DM, Belenky G, Van Dongen HPA
(2009). Efficient computation of confidence intervals for
Bayesian model predictions based on multidimensional parameter
space. Methods in Enzymology 454: 213-231.
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Van Dongen HPA (2004). Comparison of mathematical
model predictions to experimental data of fatigue and performance.
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 75: A15-A36.
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Van Dongen HPA (2004). Comparison of model
predictions to experimental data: Rectifying false impressions.
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 75: A122-A124.
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Van Dongen HPA, Balkin TJ (2004). Commentary on
modeling performance and alertness: the QinetiQ approach. Aviation,
Space, and Environmental Medicine 75: A104-A105.
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Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF (2001). Modeling the
effects of sleep debt: On the relevance of inter-individual
differences. Sleep Research Society Bulletin 7: 69-72. (Download PDF)
Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF (2003). Investigating
the interaction between the homeostatic and circadian processes of
sleep-wake regulation for the prediction of waking neurobehavioural
performance. Journal of Sleep Research 12: 181-187.
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Van Dongen HPA, Mott CG, Huang JK, Mollicone DJ, McKenzie
FD, Dinges DF (2007). Confidence intervals for
individualized performance models. Sleep 30: 1083. (Download PDF)
Van Dongen HPA, Mott CG, Huang J-K, Mollicone DJ, McKenzie
FD, Dinges DF (2007). Optimization of biomathematical
model predictions for cognitive performance impairment in
individuals: Accounting for unknown traits and uncertain states in
homeostatic and circadian processes. Sleep 30: 1129-1143. (Download PDF)
Individual differences in sleep loss effects
Lammers-van der Holst HM, Van Dongen HPA, Kerkhof GA
(2006). Are individuals' nighttime sleep
characteristics prior to shift-work exposure predictive for
parameters of daytime sleep after commencing shift work?
Chronobiology International 23: 1217-1227.
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King AC, Belenky G, Van Dongen HPA (2009).
Performance impairment consequent to sleep loss: determinants of
resistance and susceptibility. Current Opinion in Pulmonary
Medicine 15: 559-564.
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Stakofsky AB, Baynard MD, Dinges DF, Van Dongen HPA
(2004). Candidate predictors of vulnerability to sleep
deprivation. Sleep-Wake Research in The Netherlands15: 80-83.
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PDF)
Van Dongen HPA (2005). Analysis of inter- and
intra-individual variability. Journal of Sleep Research 14:
201-203.
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Van Dongen HPA (2005). Brain activation patterns
and individual differences in working memory impairment during
sleep deprivation. Sleep 28: 386-388. (Download PDF)
Van Dongen HPA (2006). Shift work and
inter-individual differences in sleep and sleepiness. Chronobiology
International 23: 1139-1147.
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Van Dongen HPA, Baynard MD, Maislin G, Dinges DF
(2004). Systematic interindividual differences in
neurobehavioral impairment from sleep loss: Evidence of trait-like
differential vulnerability. Sleep 27: 423-433. (Download PDF)
Van Dongen HPA, Caldwell Jr JA, Caldwell JL
(2006). Investigating systematic individual differences in
sleep-deprived performance on a high-fidelity flight simulator.
Behavior Research Methods 38: 333-343. (Download PDF)
Van Dongen HPA, Maislin G, Dinges DF (2004).
Dealing with inter-individual differences in the temporal dynamics
of fatigue and performance: Importance and techniques. Aviation,
Space, and Environmental Medicine 75: A147-A154.
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Van Dongen HPA, Olofsen E, Dinges DF, Maislin G
(2004). Mixed-model regression analysis and dealing with
interindividual differences. Methods in Enzymology 384: 139-171.
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Van Dongen HPA, Vitellaro KM, Dinges DF (2005).
Individual differences in adult human sleep and wakefulness:
Leitmotif for a research agenda. Sleep 28: 479-496. (Download PDF)
Sleep physiology
Blaauw MSJ, Tung L-T, Baynard MD, Dinges DF, Van Dongen
HPA (2002). Trait-like inter-individual differences in
sleep cycle duration. Sleep-Wake Research in The Netherlands 13:
16-19. (Download
PDF)
Braun AR, Balkin TJ, Wesensten NJ, Carson RE, Varga M,
Baldwin P, Selbie S, Belenky G, Herscovitch P (1997).
Regional cerebral blood flow throughout the sleep-wake cycle. An
H215O PET study. Brain 120: 1173-1197.
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Braun AR, Balkin TJ, Wesensten NJ, Gwardry F, Carson RE,
Varga M, Baldwin P, Belenky G, Herscovitch P (1998).
Dissociated pattern of activity in visual cortices and their
projections during human rapid eye movement sleep. Science 279:
91-95.
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Krueger JM, Rector DM, Roy S, Van Dongen HPA, Belenky G,
Panksepp J (2008). Sleep as a fundamental property of
neuronal assemblies. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 9: 910-919.
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Mollicone DJ, Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF (2007).
Optimizing sleep/wake schedules in space: Sleep during chronic
nocturnal sleep restriction with and without diurnal naps. Acta
Astronautica 60: 354-361.
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Pleban RJ, Valentine PJ, Penetar DM, Redmond DP, Belenky G
(1990). Characterization of sleep and body composition
changes during ranger training. Military Psychology 2: 145-156.
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Rector DM, Schei JL, Van Dongen HPA, Belenky G, Krueger JM
(2009). Physiological markers of local sleep. European
Journal of Neuroscience 29: 1771-1778.
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Smith AD, Tucker AM, Van Dongen HPA (2006).
Systematic inter-individual variability in sleep variables:
Comparing findings from the general population to twin study
results. Sleep-Wake Research in The Netherlands 17: 107-111.
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Tucker AM, Dinges DF, Van Dongen HPA (2007). Trait
interindividual differences in the sleep physiology of healthy
young adults. Journal of Sleep Research 16: 170-180.
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Van Dongen HPA (2005). Polysomnography entails no
more than minimal risk. Sleep 28: 276. (Download PDF)
Wesensten NJ, Balkin TJ, Belenky G (1999). Does
sleep fragmentation impact recuperation? A review and reanalysis.
Journal of Sleep Research 8: 237-245. (Download PDF)
Circadian rhythms
Goel N, Stunkard AJ, Rogers NL, Van Dongen HPA, Allison
KC, O'Reardon JP, Ahima RS, Cummings DE, Heo M, Dinges DF
(2009). Circadian rhythm profiles in women with night
eating syndrome. Journal of Biological Rhythms 24: 85-94.
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Kerkhof GA, Van Dongen HPA (1996). Morning-type
and evening-type individuals differ in the phase position of their
endogenous circadian oscillator. Neuroscience Letters 218: 153-156.
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Kerkhof GA, Van Dongen HPA, Bobbert AC (1998).
Absence of endogenous circadian rhythmicity in blood pressure?
American Journal of Hypertension 11: 373-377.
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Mullington JM, Chan JL, Van Dongen HPA, Szuba MP, Samaras
J, Price NJ, Meier-Ewert HK, Dinges DF, Mantzoros CS
(2003). Sleep loss reduces diurnal rhythm amplitude of
leptin in healthy men. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 15: 851-854.
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Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF (2005). Circadian
rhythms in sleepiness, alertness, and performance. In Kryger MH,
Roth T, Dement WC (Eds.), Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine
(4th ed.). Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: 435-443.
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Van Dongen HPA, Kerkhof GA, Dinges DF (2004).
Human circadian rhythms. In Sehgal A (Ed.), Molecular Biology of
Circadian Rhythms. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken: 255-269.
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Van Dongen HPA, Kerkhof GA, Klöppel HB
(1997). Seasonal covariation of the circadian phases of
rectal temperature and slow wave sleep onset. Journal of Sleep
Research 6: 19-25.
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Van Dongen HPA, Kerkhof GA, Souverijn JHM (1998).
Absence of seasonal variation in the phase of the endogenous
circadian rhythm in humans. Chronobiology International 15:
623-632.
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Van Dongen HPA, Maislin G, Kerkhof GA (2001).
Repeated assessment of the endogenous 24-hour profile of blood
pressure under constant routine. Chronobiology International 18:
82-98.
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Van Dongen HPA, Miller JD, Levin GV, Straat PA
(2005). A circadian biosignature in the Labeled Release
data from Mars? Proceedings of SPIE 5906(59060C): 1-10. (Download PDF)
Van Dongen HPA, Olofsen E, VanHartevelt JH, Kruyt EW
(1999). A procedure of multiple period searching in
unequally spaced time-series with the Lomb-Scargle method.
Biological Rhythm Research 30: 149-177.
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Van Dongen HPA, Olofsen E, VanHartevelt JH, Kruyt EW
(1999). Searching for biological rhythms: Peak detection
in the periodogram of unequally spaced data. Journal of Biological
Rhythms 14: 617-620.
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Van Dongen HPA, Ruf T, Olofsen E, VanHartevelt JH, Kruyt EW
(2001). Analysis of problematic time series with the
Lomb-Scargle method. Biological Rhythm Research 32: 347-354.
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Waterhouse J, Folkard S, Van Dongen H, Minors D, Owens D,
Kerkhof G, Weinert D, Nevill A, Macdonald I, Sytnik N, Tucker P
(2001). Temperature profiles, and the effect of sleep upon
them, in relation to morningness-eveningness in healthy female
subjects. Chronobiology International 18: 227-247.
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Yang S, Van Dongen HPA, Wang K, Berrettini W, Bućan M
(2009). Assessment of circadian function in fibroblasts of
patients with bipolar disorder. Molecular Psychiatry 14: 143-155.
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Stimulants and hypnotics
Balkin TJ, O'Donnell VM, Kamimori GH, Redmond DP,
Belenky G (1989). Administration of triazolam prior to
recovery sleep: Effects on sleep architecture, subsequent alertness
and performance. Psychopharmacology 99: 526-531.
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Balkin TJ, O'Donnell VM, Kamimori GH, Redmond DP,
Belenky G (1989). Sleep inertia following
triazolam-induced recovery sleep. Human Psychopharmacology 4:
291-296.
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Balkin TJ, O'Donnell VM, Wesensten N, McCann U, Belenky
G (1992). Comparison of the daytime sleep and performance
effects of zolpidem versus triazolam. Psychopharmacology 107:
83-88.
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Kamimori GH, Johnson D, Thorne D, Belenky G
(2005). Multiple caffeine doses maintain vigilance during
early morning operations. Aviation, Space, and Environmental
Medicine 76: 1046-1050.
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Kamimori GH, Karyekar CS, Otterstetter R, Cox DS, Balkin
TJ, Belenky G, Eddington ND (2002). The rate of absorption
and bioavailability of caffeine administered in chewing gum versus
capsules to normal healthy volunteers. International Journal of
Pharmacology 234: 159-167.
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Kamimori GH, Penetar DM, Headley D, Thorne DR, Otterstetter
R, Belenky G (2000). Effect of three caffeine doses on
plasma catecholamines and alertness during prolonged wakefulness.
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 56: 537-544.
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LaJambe CM, Kamimori GH, Belenky G, Balkin T
(2005). Caffeine effects on recovery sleep following 27 h
total sleep deprivation. Aviation, Space, and Environmental
Medicine 76: 108-113.
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McCann U, Hall T, Thorne D, Thomas M, Sing H, Popp K,
Belenky G (1995). The effects of l-dihydroxyphenylalanine
on alertness and mood in alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine treated normal
volunteers: Further evidence of the role of cathecholamines in
arousal and anxiety. Neuropsychopharmacology 13: 41-52.
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McLellan TM, Kamimori GH, Bell DG, Smith IF, Johnson D,
Belenky G (2005). Caffeine maintains vigilance and
marksmanship in simulated urban operations with sleep deprivation.
Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 76: 39-45.
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Newhouse PA, Belenky G, Thomas M, Thorne D, Sing HC, Fertig
J (1989). The effects of d-amphetamine on arousal,
cognition, and mood after prolonged total sleep deprivation.
Neuropsychopharmacology 2: 153-164.
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Newhouse PA, Penetar DM, Fertig J, Thorne DR, Sing HC,
Thomas M, Cochran J, Belenky G (1992). Stimulant drug
effects on performance and behavior after prolonged sleep
deprivation: A comparison of amphetamine, nicotine, and deprenyl.
Military Psychology 4: 207-233.
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O'Donnell VM, Balkin TJ, Andrade JR, Simon LM, Kamimori
GH, Redmond DP, Belenky G (1988). Effects of triazolam on
performance and sleep in a model of transient insomnia. Human
Performance 1: 145-160.
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Penetar D, McCann U, Thorne D, Kamimori G, Galinski C, Sing
H, Thomas M, Belenky G (1993). Caffeine reversal of sleep
deprivation effects on alertness and mood. Psychopharmacology 112:
359-365.
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Penetar DM, Belenky G, Garrigan JJ, Redmond DP
(1989). Triazolam impairs learning and fails to improve
sleep in a long-range aerial deployment. Aviation, Space, and
Environmental Medicine 60: 594-598.
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Penetar DM, Sing HC, Thorne DR, Thomas ML, Fertig JB,
Schelling ASD, Sealock JC, Newhouse PA, Belenky G (1991).
Amphetamine effects on recovery sleep following total sleep
deprivation. Human Psychopharmacology 6: 319-323.
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Van Dongen HPA, Price NJ, Mullington JM, Szuba MP, Kapoor
SC, Dinges DF (2001). Caffeine eliminates psychomotor
vigilance deficits from sleep inertia. Sleep 24: 813-819. (Download PDF)
Wesensten NJ, Balkin TJ, Belenky G (1995). Effects
of daytime administration of zolpidem versus triazolam on memory.
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 48: 115-122.
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Wesensten NJ, Balkin TJ, Davis HQ, Belenky G
(1995). Reversal of triazolam and zolpidem-induced memory
impairment by flumazenil. Psychopharmacology 121: 242-249.
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Wesensten NJ, Balkin TJ, Reichardt RM, Kautz MA, Saviolakis
GA, Belenky G (2005). Daytime sleep and performance
following a zolpidem and melatonin cocktail. Sleep 28: 93-103.
(Download
PDF)
Wesensten NJ, Belenky G, Kautz MA, Thorne DR, Reichardt RM,
Balkin TJ (2002). Maintaining alertness and performance
during sleep deprivation: modafinil versus caffeine.
Psychopharmacology 159: 238-247.
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Wesensten NJ, Belenky G, Thorne DR, Kautz MA, Balkin TJ
(2004). Modafinil versus caffeine: Effects on fatigue
during sleep deprivation. Aviation, Space, and Environmental
Medicine 75: 520-525.
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Combat stress research
Belenky GL (1979). Unusual visual experiences
reported by subjects in the British Army study of sustained
operations, Exercise Early Call. Military Medicine 144: 695-696.
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Belenky GL (1987). Psychiatric casualties: The
Israeli experience. Psychiatric Annals 17: 528-531. (Download PDF)
Belenky GL (1987). Varieties of reaction and
adaptation to combat experience. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic
51: 64-79.
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Belenky GL, Gelinas-Sorell D, Kenner JR, Holaday JW
(1983). Evidence for delta-receptor involvement in the
post-ictal antinociceptive responses to electroconvulsive shock in
rats. Life Sciences 33(Suppl. 1): 583-585.
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Belenky GL, Holaday JW (1979). The opiate
antagonist naloxone modifies the effects of electroconvulsive shock
(ECS) on respiration, blood pressure and heart rate. Brain Research
177: 414-417.
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Belenky GL, Holaday JW (1981). Repeated
electroconvulsive shock (ECS) and morphine tolerance: demonstration
of cross sensitivity in the rats. Life Sciences 29: 553-563.
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Belenky GL, Kaufman LW (1983). Cohesion and
rigorous training: Observations of the Air Assault School. Military
Review 63: 24-34. (Download PDF)
Cole M, Belenky GL, Boucher R, Fernandez R, Myers D
(1965). Probability learning to escape from shock.
Psychonomic Science 3: 127-129.
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Deeken MG, Newhouse PA, Belenky GL, Eshelman SD, Parker MT,
Jones FD (1985). Division psychiatrists in peacetime.
Military Medicine 150: 455-457.
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Hitzemann RJ, Hitzemann B, Blatt S, Tortella FC, Kenner JR,
Belenky GL, Holaday JW (1987). Repeated electroconvulsive
shock: Effect on sodium dependency and regional distribution of
opioid-binding sites. Molecular Pharmacology 31: 562-566.
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Holaday JW, Belenky GL (1980). Opiate-like effects
of electroconvulsive shock in rats: a differential effect of
naloxone on nociceptive measures. Life Sciences 27: 1929-1938.
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Holaday JW, Hitzemann RJ, Curell J, Tortella FC, Belenky GL
(1982). Repeated electroconvulsive shock or chronic
morphine treatment increases the number of 3H-D-Ala2,
D-Leu5-enkephalin binding sites in rat brain membranes. Life
Sciences 31: 2359-2362.
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Holaday JW, Tortella FC, Long JB, Belenky GL, Hitzemann RJ
(1986). Endogenous opioids and their receptors: Evidence
for involvement in the post-ictal effects of electroconvulsive
shock. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 462: 124-139.
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Holaday JW, Tortella FC, Meyerhoff JL, Belenky GL,
Hitzemann RJ (1986). Electroconvulsive shock activates
endogenous opioid systems: Behavioral and biochemical correlates.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 467: 249-255.
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Tortella FC, Cowan A, Belenky GL, Holaday JW
(1981). Opiate-like electroencephalographic and behavioral
effects of electroconvulsive shock in rats. European Journal of
Pharmacology 76: 121-128.
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Ursano RJ, Holloway HC, Jones DR, Rodriguez AR, Belenky GL
(1989). Psychiatric care in the military community: family
and military stressors. Hospital and Community Psychiatry 40:
1284-1289.
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Miscellaneous
Balkin TJ, Braun AR, Wesensten NJ, Jeffries K, Varga M,
Baldwin P, Belenky G, Herscovitch P (2002). The process of
awakening: A PET study of regional brain activity patterns
mediating the reestablishment of alertness and consciousness. Brain
125: 2308-2319.
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Belenky GL, Cole M (1968). The role of test trials
in paired-associate verbal learning. Psychonomic Science 10:
201-203.
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Kamimori GH, Smallridge RC, Redmond DP, Belenky GL, Fein HG
(1990). The effect of exercise on atropine
pharmacokinetics. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 39:
395-397.
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McCann UD, Penetar DM, Belenky G (1990). Acute
dystonic reaction in normal humans caused by catecholamine
depletion. Clinical Neuropharmacology 13: 565-568.
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Shearer WT, Reuben JM, Mullington JM, Price NJ, Lee B-N,
Smith EO, Szuba MP, Van Dongen HPA, Dinges DF (2001).
Soluble TNF-\x{03b1} receptor 1 and IL-6 plasma levels in humans
subjected to the sleep deprivation model of spaceflight. Journal of
Allergy and Clinical Immunology 107: 165-170.
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Varkevisser M, Van Dongen HPA, Kerkhof GA (2005).
Physiologic indexes in chronic insomnia during a constant routine:
Evidence for general hyperarousal? Sleep 28: 1588-1596. (Download PDF)
Varkevisser M, Van Dongen HPA, Kerkhof GA (2006).
Hyperarousal as a basis for chronic insomnia: statistical
misconceptions and individual differences. Sleep 29: 719. (Download PDF)
Varkevisser M, Van Dongen HPA, Van Amsterdam JGC, Kerkhof
GA (2007). Chronic insomnia and daytime functioning: An
ambulatory assessment. Behavioral Sleep Medicine 5: 279-296.
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Wesensten NJ, Belenky G, Balkin TJ (2005).
Cognitive readiness in network centric operations. Parameters: U.S.
Army War College Quarterly 35: 94-105. (Download PDF)
Wesensten NJ, Crowley J, Balkin T, Kamimori G, Iwanyk E,
Pearson N, Devine J, Belenky G, Cymerman A (1993). Effects
of simulated high altitude exposure on long-latency event-related
brain potentials and performance. Aviation, Space, and
Environmental Medicine 64: 30-36.
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